LEARN THE NUMBERS
Plain-language explanations for the figures in your research. On reports and in the workspace, tap a dotted metric name to open its explanation without leaving the page.
21 explanations shown
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The price paid for each rupee of earnings per share.
Share price ÷ earnings per share
₹500 per share ÷ ₹25 EPS = 20×.
The earnings period matters. A loss-making company has no useful positive P/E; compare earnings quality and similar businesses as well.
The share price relative to the accounting value of equity per share.
Share price ÷ book value per share
₹200 per share ÷ ₹100 book value = 2×.
Book value is an accounting measure, not a sale price. Asset quality and the business model affect what the ratio means.
The market value of a company’s outstanding equity shares.
Share price × outstanding shares
₹100 per share × 10 crore shares = ₹1,000 crore.
This is the value of equity, not the cash needed to buy the entire business including its debt.
Profit earned relative to shareholders’ equity.
Net profit ÷ shareholders’ equity × 100
₹20 crore profit on ₹100 crore equity gives 20%.
Debt and unusually small equity can inflate ROE. Check the reporting period and whether the source uses average or closing equity.
Operating earnings relative to the capital employed in the business.
Operating profit before interest and tax ÷ capital employed × 100
₹20 crore operating profit on ₹100 crore capital employed gives 20%.
Definitions of capital employed can differ. Compare the same basis within an industry; banks have a different operating model.
Borrowings relative to the accounting equity of the company.
Debt ÷ shareholders’ equity
₹50 crore debt ÷ ₹100 crore equity = 0.5×.
Read debt alongside cash, interest costs and the type of business. A ratio alone does not describe repayment ability.
Cash dividends per share relative to the share price.
Annual dividend per share ÷ share price × 100
₹5 dividend per share on a ₹100 price gives 5%.
Check the dividend period and whether a special payment is included. Past dividends are not a promise of future payments.
The percentage change in the share price over the stated year.
(Latest price ÷ earlier price − 1) × 100
A price changing from ₹100 to ₹110 gives a 10% price return.
Price return is not necessarily total return with dividends. The dates and corporate-action adjustments used by the source matter.
Profit attributable to one share for the stated reporting period.
Profit attributable to equity holders ÷ relevant share count
₹100 crore profit ÷ 10 crore shares = ₹10 per share.
Quarterly and annual EPS cover different periods. Basic and diluted EPS can differ, and share splits change per-share figures.
The business’s reported sales or operating revenue for the stated period.
Use the revenue reported for the selected period
₹100 crore of revenue is sales before subtracting the expenses used to arrive at profit.
Check consolidated versus standalone accounts, units and period. Revenue is different from cash collected or net profit.
Profit after the expenses and taxes included in the reported result.
Use the reported profit for the selected period
A result may show positive revenue but a net loss after costs.
One-off gains, losses and accounting adjustments can affect a quarter. Compare the same period and reporting basis.
Operating profit as a share of revenue.
Operating profit ÷ revenue × 100
₹20 crore operating profit on ₹100 crore revenue gives a 20% margin.
Sources may classify operating costs differently. Compare the same definition and a similar business.
The reported annualised sales growth over a three-year period.
For CAGR: ((ending sales ÷ starting sales)^(1/3) − 1) × 100
A 10% CAGR describes annual compounding, not a total three-year change of 10%.
Check the source’s period and method. Acquisitions and a small starting base can strongly affect the number.
The reported annualised profit growth over a three-year period.
For positive bases: ((ending profit ÷ starting profit)^(1/3) − 1) × 100
A 10% annual growth rate compounds over the three-year period.
A zero or negative starting profit makes a conventional CAGR unsuitable. Check underlying results and unusual items.
The change in reported profit against the same period a year earlier.
(Current profit − earlier profit) ÷ earlier profit × 100, for a positive earlier profit
Profit rising from ₹10 crore to ₹12 crore is 20% growth.
A loss-to-profit turnaround should be read as a change in profitability, not a normal positive-base growth rate.
The change in revenue against the same period a year earlier.
(Current revenue − earlier revenue) ÷ earlier revenue × 100
Revenue rising from ₹100 crore to ₹120 crore is 20% growth.
Use comparable periods and reporting scope. Growth alone does not tell you whether margins or cash generation improved.
Promoter shares given as security to a lender.
Pledged promoter shares ÷ total promoter shares × 100, when reported on the promoter-holding basis
25 pledged shares out of 100 promoter-held shares means 25% of that holding is pledged.
Check the denominator used in the filing. A pledge does not itself prove distress, but the loan terms and changes in pledged shares matter.
The share of traded quantity reported as deliverable quantity.
Deliverable quantity ÷ traded quantity × 100
30 lakh deliverable shares out of 50 lakh traded shares gives 60%.
Delivery alone does not identify buyers or prove accumulation. Read it with total volume and the stock’s own history.
Trading volume relative to the historical average used by the screen.
Current volume ÷ the screen’s reference average
2× means twice that reference average.
The lookback period and whether the session is complete matter. High volume does not reveal the reason for a price move.
Purchases minus sales for the institution category and session reported.
Gross purchases − gross sales
₹5,000 crore purchases less ₹3,000 crore sales gives ₹2,000 crore net buying.
This is a flow for the reported market segment, not the category’s total holdings or activity in every instrument.
The percentage of the measured stock universe above its 200-session moving average.
Stocks above their 200-session average ÷ eligible stocks × 100
60 of 100 eligible stocks above their averages gives 60% breadth.
The eligible universe and available history matter. This describes participation, not a forecast or a trade instruction.
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